"tą̄h(ī)" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See tą̄h(ī) in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *tanhuz + *-ī (adjective suffix). Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*tanhuz}} Proto-Germanic *tanhuz, {{suf|gmw-pro||*-ī|id2=adjective|pos2=adjective suffix}} + *-ī (adjective suffix) Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|adjective}} *tą̄h(ī) Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-adj|tą̄h}}, {{gmw-infl-adj|tą̄hī}} Forms: tą̄h [canonical], ī [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], tą̄h [masculine, nominative, singular], tą̄hu [feminine, nominative, singular], tą̄h [neuter, nominative, singular], tą̄hanā [accusative, masculine, singular], tą̄hā [accusative, feminine, singular], tą̄h [accusative, neuter, singular], tą̄has [genitive, masculine, singular], tą̄heʀā [feminine, genitive, singular], tą̄has [genitive, neuter, singular], tą̄humē [dative, masculine, singular], tą̄heʀē [dative, feminine, singular], tą̄humē [dative, neuter, singular], tą̄hu [instrumental, masculine, singular], tą̄heʀu [feminine, instrumental, singular], tą̄hu [instrumental, neuter, singular], tą̄hē [masculine, nominative, plural], tą̄hō [feminine, nominative, plural], tą̄hu [neuter, nominative, plural], tą̄hā [accusative, masculine, plural], tą̄hā [accusative, feminine, plural], tą̄hu [accusative, neuter, plural], tą̄heʀō [genitive, masculine, plural], tą̄heʀō [feminine, genitive, plural], tą̄heʀō [genitive, neuter, plural], tą̄hēm [dative, masculine, plural], tą̄hum [dative, masculine, plural], tą̄hēm [dative, feminine, plural], tą̄hum [dative, feminine, plural], tą̄hēm [dative, neuter, plural], tą̄hum [dative, neuter, plural], tą̄hēm [instrumental, masculine, plural], tą̄hum [instrumental, masculine, plural], tą̄hēm [feminine, instrumental, plural], tą̄hum [feminine, instrumental, plural], tą̄hēm [instrumental, neuter, plural], tą̄hum [instrumental, neuter, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], tą̄hī [masculine, nominative, singular], tą̄hiju [feminine, nominative, singular], tą̄hī [neuter, nominative, singular], tą̄hijanā [accusative, masculine, singular], tą̄hijā [accusative, feminine, singular], tą̄hī [accusative, neuter, singular], tą̄hijas [genitive, masculine, singular], tą̄hijeʀā [feminine, genitive, singular], tą̄hijas [genitive, neuter, singular], tą̄hijumē [dative, masculine, singular], tą̄hijeʀē [dative, feminine, singular], tą̄hijumē [dative, neuter, singular], tą̄hiju [instrumental, masculine, singular], tą̄hijeʀu [feminine, instrumental, singular], tą̄hiju [instrumental, neuter, singular], tą̄hijē [masculine, nominative, plural], tą̄hijō [feminine, nominative, plural], tą̄hiju [neuter, nominative, plural], tą̄hijā [accusative, masculine, plural], tą̄hijā [accusative, feminine, plural], tą̄hiju [accusative, neuter, plural], tą̄hijeʀō [genitive, masculine, plural], tą̄hijeʀō [feminine, genitive, plural], tą̄hijeʀō [genitive, neuter, plural], tą̄hijēm [dative, masculine, plural], tą̄hijum [dative, masculine, plural], tą̄hijēm [dative, feminine, plural], tą̄hijum [dative, feminine, plural], tą̄hijēm [dative, neuter, plural], tą̄hijum [dative, neuter, plural], tą̄hijēm [instrumental, masculine, plural], tą̄hijum [instrumental, masculine, plural], tą̄hijēm [feminine, instrumental, plural], tą̄hijum [feminine, instrumental, plural], tą̄hijēm [instrumental, neuter, plural], tą̄hijum [instrumental, neuter, plural]
  1. tough Tags: reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "tōh"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: tōh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: tōh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "toȝ",
            "3": "tou",
            "4": "towgh",
            "5": "tough"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: toȝ, tou, towgh, tough",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: toȝ, tou, towgh, tough"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "teuch"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: teuch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: teuch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tough"
          },
          "expansion": "English: tough",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: tough"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "tuff",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: tuff",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: tuff"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "tøff",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tøff",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tøff"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "tøff",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tøff",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tøff"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*tāi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *tāi\nNorth Frisian: toi\nSaterland Frisian: toai\nWest Frisian: taai",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *tāi\nNorth Frisian: toi\nSaterland Frisian: toai\nWest Frisian: taai"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*tāh",
            "3": "*tāhi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *tāh, *tāhi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *tāh, *tāhi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "tā",
            "3": "taie",
            "4": "tēge",
            "5": "teie"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: tā, taie, tēge, teie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: tā, taie, tēge, teie"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "taa",
            "3": "taë",
            "4": "tage",
            "5": "taag"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: taa, taë, tage, taag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: taa, taë, tage, taag"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "taai"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: taai",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: taai"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*tāi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *tāi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *tāi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "tâie",
            "3": "tây",
            "4": "tâey"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: tâie, tây, tâey",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: tâie, tây, tâey"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "taai"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: taai",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: taai"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "taai"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: taai",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: taai"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "zāh",
            "3": "zāhi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: zāh, zāhi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: zāh, zāhi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "zāch",
            "3": "zæhe",
            "4": "zæh",
            "5": "zæch",
            "alt2": "zǣhe",
            "alt3": "zǣh",
            "alt4": "zǣch"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: zāch, zǣhe, zǣh, zǣch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: zāch, zǣhe, zǣh, zǣch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "zähe",
            "3": "zäh"
          },
          "expansion": "German: zähe, zäh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: zähe, zäh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "zach"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: zach",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: zach (pronounced [tsaːx])"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "zéi"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: zéi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: zéi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tanhuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tanhuz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-ī",
        "id2": "adjective",
        "pos2": "adjective suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "+ *-ī (adjective suffix)",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tanhuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tą̄h",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ī",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄h",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄h",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄h",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄has",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄has",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄humē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄humē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*tą̄h(ī)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tą̄h"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tą̄hī"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tą̄h(ī)",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ī (adjective)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tough"
      ],
      "id": "en-tą̄h(ī)-gmw-pro-adj-3t4eAAQH",
      "links": [
        [
          "tough",
          "tough"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tą̄h(ī)"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "tōh"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: tōh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: tōh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "toȝ",
            "3": "tou",
            "4": "towgh",
            "5": "tough"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: toȝ, tou, towgh, tough",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: toȝ, tou, towgh, tough"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "teuch"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: teuch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: teuch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tough"
          },
          "expansion": "English: tough",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: tough"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "tuff",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Swedish: tuff",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Swedish: tuff"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "tøff",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tøff",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tøff"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "tøff",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tøff",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tøff"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*tāi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *tāi\nNorth Frisian: toi\nSaterland Frisian: toai\nWest Frisian: taai",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *tāi\nNorth Frisian: toi\nSaterland Frisian: toai\nWest Frisian: taai"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*tāh",
            "3": "*tāhi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *tāh, *tāhi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *tāh, *tāhi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "tā",
            "3": "taie",
            "4": "tēge",
            "5": "teie"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: tā, taie, tēge, teie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: tā, taie, tēge, teie"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "taa",
            "3": "taë",
            "4": "tage",
            "5": "taag"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: taa, taë, tage, taag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: taa, taë, tage, taag"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "taai"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: taai",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: taai"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*tāi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *tāi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *tāi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "tâie",
            "3": "tây",
            "4": "tâey"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: tâie, tây, tâey",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: tâie, tây, tâey"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "taai"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: taai",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: taai"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "taai"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: taai",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: taai"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "zāh",
            "3": "zāhi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: zāh, zāhi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: zāh, zāhi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "zāch",
            "3": "zæhe",
            "4": "zæh",
            "5": "zæch",
            "alt2": "zǣhe",
            "alt3": "zǣh",
            "alt4": "zǣch"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: zāch, zǣhe, zǣh, zǣch",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: zāch, zǣhe, zǣh, zǣch"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "zähe",
            "3": "zäh"
          },
          "expansion": "German: zähe, zäh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: zähe, zäh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "zach"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: zach",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: zach (pronounced [tsaːx])"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "zéi"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: zéi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: zéi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tanhuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tanhuz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-ī",
        "id2": "adjective",
        "pos2": "adjective suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "+ *-ī (adjective suffix)",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tanhuz + *-ī (adjective suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tą̄h",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ī",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄h",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄h",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄h",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄has",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄has",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄humē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄humē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄heʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijanā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijumē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijeʀō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tą̄hijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "*tą̄h(ī)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tą̄h"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tą̄hī"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tą̄h(ī)",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic ja-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ī (adjective)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tough"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tough",
          "tough"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tą̄h(ī)"
}

Download raw JSONL data for tą̄h(ī) meaning in Proto-West Germanic (12.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.